{"id":38100,"date":"2012-10-23T19:16:19","date_gmt":"2012-10-23T16:16:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-godina-hh-2012\/"},"modified":"2022-07-28T14:24:35","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T11:24:35","slug":"sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-godina-hh-2012","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-godina-hh-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 5\/2012, Volume 20"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a>\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

REVIEW<\/strong>
\n\u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u044a\u0446\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 (\u041b\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0412. \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430)
\n[Ancient Greek History and Culture (Lozanova-Stantcheva, V. Hellenica: Politics and Culture of Ancient\u00a0Hellas. First book)]
\n\u041a. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ K. Porozhanov<\/em> \u2013 p. 391<\/p>\n

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\u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 \/ CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES<\/strong>
\n\u041a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 X\u2013XII \u0432\u0435\u043a <\/a>
\n[Cultural and Political Relations between the Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of England (X\u2013XII C.)] \/\u00a0<\/a>
\n\u0413. \u0414\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \/ G. Dimov<\/em> \u2013 p. 395<\/p>\n

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\u0420\u0415\u0413\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0423\u0427\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \/ REGIONAL STUDIES<\/strong>
\n\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 (1837\u20131878) <\/a>
\n[\u0422he Ottoman Military Hospitals in the Bulgarian Lands (1837\u20131878)] \/ <\/a>
\n\u0415. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ E. Mihaylova<\/em> \u2013 p. 409<\/p>\n

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\u0414\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0427\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u2013 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 <\/a>
\n\u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 1945 \u0433. <\/a>
\n[Two Researches Devoted to the Village of Chiprovtsi and the Town of Ferdinand in the Methodological Context <\/a>
\nof the Bulgarian Antropogeographical Studies Before 1945]<\/a>
\n\u0412. \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ V. Ivanova<\/em> \u2013 p. 430<\/p>\n

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\u0426\u042a\u0420\u041a\u0412\u0410 \u0418 \u041e\u0411\u0429\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \/ CHURCH AND SOCIETY<\/strong>
\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430 (1962\u20131989) <\/a>
\n[Educative Activities of the Bulgarian Church (1962\u20131989)] \/<\/a>
\n\u041f. \u0426\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ P. Tsoneva<\/em> \u2013 p. 446<\/p>\n

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\u0417\u0410 \u0412\u0410\u0428\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0410 \/ FOR YOUR LIBRARY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0424\u0418\u042f \/ BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/strong> \u2013 p. 468<\/p>\n

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\u041f\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0425\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f
\n[Paisii Hilendarski and the Bulgarian National Ideology] \/
\n\u0420. \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \/ R. Spasov<\/em> \u2013p. 473<\/p>\n

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\u0425\u0420\u041e\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0418 \/ CHRONICLES<\/strong> \u2013 p. 475<\/p>\n

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\u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415 \/ GUIDE FOR AUTHORS<\/strong> \u2013 p. 477<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\n

<\/a>\u041a\u0423\u041b\u0422\u0423\u0420\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0418 \u041f\u041e\u041b\u0418\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0412\u0417\u0410\u0418\u041c\u041e\u041e\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0428\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f \u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423 \u0412\u0418\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0422\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410<\/strong>
\n\u0418\u041c\u041f\u0415\u0420\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u041a\u0420\u0410\u041b\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0410\u041d\u0413\u041b\u0418\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 X\u2013XII \u0412\u0415\u041a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0414\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432<\/strong>
\nSofia University<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0435\u0442\u044e\u0434 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 X\u2013XII \u0432., \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0438 \u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e. \u0418\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u0411\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u2013 \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438 \u0432\u00a0\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e. \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0438 \u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430. \u0410\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u0438. \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435. \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u044f\u0441\u044a\u043a, \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u044e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0417\u0430\u0449\u043e \u043b\u0438? \u041d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440, \u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c. \u0414\u043e \u043d\u044f\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/em> Byzantium\/Byzantine Empire, Anglo-Saxons, Art, Medieval jewelry, Medieval Coins, Medieval Diplomacy<\/p>\n

CULTURAL AND POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE<\/strong>
\nAND KINGDOM OF ENGLAND (X-XII C.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> In this article I will try to review indications of contacts between the Byzantine Empire and Anglo-Saxon England. At first look it seems strange but the relations between the Empire and the Kingdom existed during X\u2013XII century. Some of these contacts were neglected by earlier scholars and others will offer more questions than answers. First, it is right when we say that English refugees and mercenaries played a certain role in the transmission of Byzantine fashion and material culture. On the other hand, there seems to be more evidences of official diplomatic exchange between the Anglo-Saxons Kings and the Emperors of Constantinople. These relations were even intense. Found as evidences are Greek seals in Britain. The Byzantine coins found in British Isles are in much help in establishing the extent of relations between East and West. But we can not tell whether Byzantine coins found their way into Britain via soldiers, ambassadors, travelers, pilgrims or merchants. Such is the case about the art influences in medieval Anglo-Saxons material culture. Byzantium gave aesthetics, colors and patterns. England accumulated them. Anglo-Saxon art survives mostly in illuminated manuscripts, architecture, a number of very fine ivory carvings and some works in gold, silver and other materials. Anglo-Saxon artists also worked in cloisonn\u00e9 (enamel), many examples of which have been recovered through archeological excavations and some of which have simply been preserved over the centuries, especially in churches and monasteries on the Continent. By the 10th century Anglo-Saxon metalwork had a famous reputation as far afield as Italy, where English goldsmiths worked on plate for the altar of St. Peters itself, but hardly any pieces have survived the destruction of the Norman Conquest in 1066. Silk was another article given or sent by Byzantine emperor to colleagues – kings and rulers. If we have to be honest, Byzantine finds in Scandinavia are in larger quantities. On the British Isles Greek silks are less numerous than on the Continent or Scandinavia. But the Norwegian and Danish kings did not imitate Oriental finds and they did not call themselves Emperors. It was done only by the English kings. Only they copied the Byzantine splendor, coins and jewelry pieces. Why? We do not attempt to answer, but rather to describe that process. To some extent. By the end of the story I will hope that art historians, archeologists and, of course, historians might be stimulated to find the answer.<\/p>\n

Georgi Dimov<\/strong>
\nSofia University \u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>\u0422\u0423\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0412\u041e\u0415\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0411\u041e\u041b\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 \u0412 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0417\u0415\u041c\u0418 (1837\u20131878)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong>
\nSofia University<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> \u0414\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e 60 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u0432\u044a\u0440\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 1837\u20131878 \u0433. \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 16 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438. \u0422\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0438. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0428\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430, \u0421\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0435, \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f, \u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0435. \u0412\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433, \u0414\u0435\u0431\u044a\u0440, \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441, \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0430, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u0421\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d, \u041b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447 \u0438 \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1837 \u0433. \u0432 \u0428\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438. \u0414\u043e \u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00a0\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0435 62 % \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0411\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430. \u0422\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438. \u0414\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043f\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449, \u0442\u044a\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n


\nKeywords:<\/em> Ottoman military hospital, public health, Bulgarian lands, Danube Vilayet<\/p>\n


\nIN THE BULGARIAN LANDS (1837-1878)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> Similarly to the major European states, such as England, France, Prussia, the Habsburg Monarchy and Russia, the Ottoman Empire began developing its system of military hospitals together with the establishment of a permanent, standing force, during the reign of Mahmud II (1808\u20131839). The Ottomans benefited from Western experience and the establishment of the first military hospital in Istanbul in 1828 marked the beginning of the modern healthcare in the Ottoman Empire. Until now the Ottoman military hospitals in the Bulgarian lands (the territories, which were covered by the diocese of the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1878) have not been \u0430 subject of \u0430 special historical study. For over sixty years there has been a concept that their number is up to seven. However, as a result of a profound research on the existing studies and documents, it became clear that in the period 1837\u20131878 there were sixteen Ottoman military hospitals in the Bulgarian lands. All of them fit into the definition of \u201ehospital\u201c (used in this paper) \u2013 a medical facility, stationed in a building, designed specially for the purpose or a set of premises, rearranged to meet the needs of medical services. Each hospital was meant to provide medical assistance, as well as stationary or ambulatory care for the treatment of the ill. The Ottoman military hospitals can be divided in two separate groups, with regard to their capacity, organization and way of functioning. The first category includes hospitals which were situated in a building that was specially constructed for that purpose. Such military hospitals were those in Shumen, Varna, Silistra, Ruse, Vidin, Sofia, Bitola and Skopje. The second group includes hospitals which were situated in small stationary premises that were a part of already existing barracks in the cities of Babadag, Debar, Veles, Kula, Belogradchik, Sliven, Lovech and Plovdiv. In 1837 the first Ottoman military hospital was built in Shumen and that was also the first modern hospital in the Bulgarian lands. Until the Liberation of Bulgaria, this building remained the biggest existing hospital in these lands in matter of size, number of beds and personnel. It also served as a main military hospital for the entire Danube Vilayet. Moreover, 62% of the Ottoman military hospitals were situated on the territory of the same Vilayet. The budget of those hospitals was covered by the state treasury. The Ottoman military hospitals had a crucial role for the development of the health care in the Bulgarian lands. Their services exceeded the sole military functions and the State assigned them also the health care for the poor and for the entire local population in times of epidemics. Their existence gave the local population access to skilled medical help as the doctors who worked there also had a practice of their own.<\/p>\n

Ekaterina Mihaylova<\/strong>
\nSofia University \u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>\u0414\u0412\u0415 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0415\u041b\u0418\u0429\u041d\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0423\u0427\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u2013 \u0417\u0410 \u0421\u0415\u041b\u041e \u0427\u0418\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0426\u0418 \u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u0414 \u0424\u0415\u0420\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0410\u041d\u0414 \u2013 <\/strong>\u0418 \u041c\u0415\u0422\u041e\u0414\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0410\u041d\u0422\u0420\u041e\u041f\u041e\u0413\u0415\u041e\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0424\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0418\u0417\u0421\u041b\u0415\u0414\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0412 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0414\u0418 1945 \u0413.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vanya Ivanova<\/strong>
\n\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043b \u201e\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u201c \u2013 \u041a\u044a\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0427\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0438 (\u043e\u0442 1968 \u2013 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434) \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434 (\u0434\u043d. \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430), \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u00a0\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e 1945 \u0433. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u201c \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0438\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u201e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c\u201c. \u0417\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0445 \u0420\u0430\u0442\u0446\u0435\u043b (1844\u20131904). \u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0440\u0437 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0441\u00a0\u0418\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 (1868\u20131937). \u0421\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u2013 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u044e\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u201e\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u201c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0426\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0421\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/em> anthropogeography, Bulgarian settlements, methodology, nationalism<\/p>\n

TWO RESEARCHES DEVOTED TO THE VILLAGE OF CHIPROVTSI AND THE TOWN OF FERDINAND <\/strong>IN THE METHODOLOGICAL CONTEXT OF THE BULGARIAN ANTROPOGEOGRAPHICAL STUDIES BEFORE 1945<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> This article is an attempt for a historiographical analysis of two anthropogeographical monographs published in 1938 and 1944 devoted to the village of Chiprovtsi (a town after 1968) and the town of Ferdinand (the town\u2019s name after 1993 is Montana). Their authors, Y. Zahariev and S. Markov, had a university degree in geography. Anthropogeography (or cultural geography) is a term commonly used as a definition of a scientific trend that examines „human society and its relations with the natural environment“ (facts, phenomena, processes) from the position of the so called „geographical determinism“ (geo- and biological systems as determine modules of existing social formations). Ideas \u2013 predecessors can be seen in the views of Hippocrates (460-370 BC), Ch. de Montesquieu (1689-1755), G. de Buffon (1707\u20131788), Alexander von Humboldt (1775\u20131859), C. Ritter (1779\u20131859) and others but as a generally accepted founder of anthropogeography is pointed F. Ratzel (1844\u20131904), thanks to his researches in two volumes of the same name (1882\u20131891). Not so long after its appearance as a scientific branch, anthropogeography has been accepted with open arms in Bulgaria thanks to prof. A. Ishirkov (1868\u20131937) \u2013 Ratzel\u2019s student. Roused interest is premised by different factors \u2013 educational strategies of Bulgarian governments, „fashionable scientifi c tendencies“, inherited traditions. Concrete texts and a table of contents of both analysed anthropogeographical researches prove the statement that their authors have fulfi lled the advisable paradigms for making such a study. The monographs are divided in two main parts \u2013 physical geographical features and anthropogeographical characteristics. The first part includes geographical location, geology, orography, hydrology and drinking water, climate, plant and animal world. The anthropogeographical part reveals basic historical and ethnological facts \u2013 settlement\u2019s origine and name; planning and development; houses’ interior and yard, other buildings; economic relations; logistics; population \u2013 national origin(s), movements, age, sex, literacy; anthropological type, mentality, clothes, dialect. Among the used sources are scientific studies of different thematic fields, official statistic data and close personal observations. Because of authors\u2019 high level of professionalism, a predominant part of the anthropological researches published in Bulgaria during the interwar period now-a-days can be used not only as reliable scholarly sources but also as valuable methodological handbooks.<\/p>\n

Asst. Prof. Vanya Ivanova, PhD<\/strong>
\nPlovdiv University \u201ePaisii Hilendarski\u201c<\/em>
\nCollege \u201eLiuben Karavelov\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0412\u0415\u0422\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0414\u0415\u0419\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u041d\u0410 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0426\u042a\u0420\u041a\u0412\u0410 (1962\u20131989)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Penka Tzoneva<\/strong>
\nSofia University<\/em><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> \u0418\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442. \u043d\u0430\u0440. \u201e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c\u201d (1962\u20131989) \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0426\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u041a\u041f \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u00a0\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u201e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u201c.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/em> educative activities, Bulgarian Church, historical and pedagogical analysis<\/p>\n

EDUCATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE BULGARIAN CHURCH (1962-1989)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract.<\/strong> The study represents in many layers historical and pedagogical analysis and generalization of the educative activities of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church throughout the period of the so-called „Jivkovism“ \u2013 Jivkov\u2019s regime (1962-1989) during the after-war history of our country and the projections of these activities on the Bulgarian educational tradition. The study explores tendencies in the educative activities of the Church affected by the reducing influence of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) on part of the population and also by the poor, informal acts of ideological pluralism, as well as it explores the arousing new guidelines in the religious education in the conditions of Bulgarian „transition“. Sources of extreme and fundamental importance for the study are documents and materials from the Record Office of Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Public Historical Record Office, state, school and church legislation dating back to the period of the study, church periodicals and reference books from National Statistics Institute, etc. Priority is established to cultural and historical, documentary, archivist\u2019s, fact graphical, hermeneutics\u2019 and other methods together with the systematic and structural and functional approach.
\nThe period of the study – 1962-1989 – is not a homogeneous one. Specificity of the political and the economic and spiritual processes in the country necessitates an internal periodization. The structuring of the exposition gives an account of the common and the special in the educative activities of the Church during the stages. In this exposition the terms „Bulgarian Church“ and „the Church“ have been used instead of „Bulgarian Orthodox Church“ for the sake of brevity and convenience. In the accomplished survey two conclusions have been drawn out. Firstly, among the new tendencies in the stage of the so-called „Jivkovism“ are: dominant development of the related with the theological education and Christian and peace-making problems education implemented at national and international forums; growing attendance at church services and sermons; growing number of church wedding and baptism, intensification of church publications, etc. These tendencies are directly linked to a number of factors that facilitate or restrict the development of the religious education \u2013 degrees of qualification of clergymen, constructions of churches, financial resources of the Church and government relations with the Church. In the second place, in the conditions of Bulgarian „transition“, the foundations of a future radical reform are being laid down. They are tied together with the establishment of conditions that guarantee freedom of conscience and religion of citizens, free implementation of Christian education in the country, transformation of the offi cial and record tolerance of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church towards the socialist state in mutual cooperation with the state and public bodies and the structures of the civic society.<\/p>\n

Assoc. Prof. Penka Tsoneva, PhD<\/strong>
\nSofia University \u201eSt. Kliment Ohridski\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS REVIEW \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u044a\u0446\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 (\u041b\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0412. \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430) [Ancient Greek History and Culture (Lozanova-Stantcheva, V. Hellenica: Politics and Culture of Ancient\u00a0Hellas. First book)] \u041a. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ K. Porozhanov – \u0441\u0442\u0440. 391 \u0426\u0418\u0412\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0417\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0426\u0418 \/ CIVILIZATION BOUNDARIES \u041a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[2878],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0441\u043f. "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f", \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 5, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 XX, 2012 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newspaper.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-godina-hh-2012\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0441\u043f. 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