{"id":62653,"date":"2019-10-30T09:30:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-30T06:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/?p=62653"},"modified":"2023-08-25T17:07:57","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T14:07:57","slug":"sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-2019-godina-xxvii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-4\/sp-istoriya-knizhka-5-2019-godina-xxvii\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 5\/2019, Volume 27"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\">VIEW OVER THE BALKAN PENINSULA<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h3>The Bulgarian Church Representation in Istanbul and the Issue of Lifting the Schism<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Boryana Buzhashka<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>University of Library Studies and Information Technologies \u2013 Sofia, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> Nowadays in Istanbul, Turkey, there is a Bulgarian colony, which was\ncreated after the Second Balkan War and the First World War. It was not related to the\nBulgarians in Constantinople from the times of the Bulgarian National Revival, but\nthrough the Foundation of Bulgarian Orthodox Churches in Istanbul as established,\nit was their legal successor. The Foundation was also the formal owner of that part\nof the Bulgarian exarchal properties in Turkey which the Turkish State returned.<br \/>\nLifting the schism was an act of international and internal political importance.\nThis act put an end to the use of the Exarchy as a mean to unite all the Bulgarians\nwithin the borders of a new Bulgaria according to the Treaty of San Stefano. In\nessence, this was a retreat from the national ideal. The conditions for lifting the\nschism, the closing of the Exarchal Vicegerency and the unresolved status of the\nBulgarian Church Community deprived the Bulgarians in the Republic of Turkey\nof Bulgarian representation on church affairs and predetermined their remaining\nwithin the diocese of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This issue has consequences\neven nowadays.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> Bulgarian colony; Ecumenical Patriarchate; schism; Church Representation<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>The Contribution of Todor Bourmov in the Elaboration of the Original Draft of the Organic Statute of the Bulgarian Principality<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Kostadin Paev<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>South-West University \u201cNeofit Rilski\u201d \u2013 Blagoevgrad (Bulgaria)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The views of Todor Bourmov for the government of Bulgaria are\nreflected in a document stored in Russian archives. At the first its publication,\nthe document was defined as a response of one of the Bulgarian notables \u2013 Todor\nBourmov \u2013 to the questions of the Russian civil administration in Bulgaria from\n1878, and in the second \u2013 as rules for the election of a Bulgarian prince. According\ncontained in this article concept, in both cases there are errors and inaccuracies, but\nin principle, the document itself contains a number of provisions found a place in\nthe initial draft of the Organic Statute of the Bulgarian principality.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> Todor Bourmov; Bulgarian notables; Original draft of Organic Statute; Turnovo constitution<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #808080;\">REVIEWS AND ANNOTATIONS<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Asen Kozhukharov<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy\nVarna, Bulgaria<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Melinikova, A. Y., Melinikov, Y. A. (2019). Decompression memory. Historical\nsketch of the head of the Kronstadt diving school M. K. von Schulze, 1870 \u2013 1917.\nSankt-Peterburg: Dmitrij Bulanin, [in Russian].<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"color: #808080;\">GUARDIANS OF THE MEMORY<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h3>The Policy of the German Authorities towards the Jews in the First Years of World War II (1939 \u2013 1941). The Social, Economic and Legal Context<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Martyna Gr\u0105dzka-Rejak<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of National Remembrance \u2013<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Warsaw, Poland<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Aleksandra Namys\u0142o<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of National Remembrance \u2013 Katowice Division<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Katowice, Poland <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article tries to characterize the plight of the Jewish community\n\u2013 in its legal, social and economic aspect \u2013 on German-occupied Polish soil in the\nfirst years of WWII (1939-1941). The text analyzes the key measures of the German\nauthorities toward the Jews, beginning with the Third Reich\u2019s aggression against\nPoland on September 1, 1939, until the decision of the extermination of European\nJews (second half of 1941). The Authors analyze legal acts limiting the functioning\nof the Jewish community and how they really influenced their everyday life. The\nquestion at stake has to be seen against a wider backdrop: the policy of the German\noccupant against the Polish state and its population.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> World War II; Holocaust; Polish-Jewish relations; occupation;\nGermans; Third Reich; regulations; legal acts; September 1939 campagne<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The Beginnings of the Socialist Conspiracy PPS \u2013 WRN<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Maciej \u017buczkowski<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of National Remembrance\nWarsaw, Poland<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents inception and the first months of the functioning\nof the underground Polish Socialist Party occurring in 1939-1944, under the code\nname \u201cWolno\u015b\u0107-R\u00f3wno\u015b\u0107-Niepodleg\u0142o\u015b\u0107\u201d (Freedom-Equality-Independence). It\nshows both the pre-war preparations of the PPS and the way in which the PPSWRN\nwas formed at the beginning of October 1939, as well as the principles on\nwhich its organization was based. The article also discusses both the beginnings of\nthe PPS-WRN underground press and the party\u2019s place in the forming structures of\nthe Polish Underground State.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> Polish Socialist Party \u201cFreedom-Equality-Independence\u201d; Polish Underground State; German occupation<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>In a (Not Completely) Distorting Mirror. Poland Viewed from the Perspective of the Authorities and of the Population of the Soviet Union on the Eve of and during the Soviet Aggression against Poland in September 1939<\/h3>\n<p><strong>S\u0142awomir Kalbarczyk<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of National Remembrance (Poland)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> This article intends to answer two fundamental questions: 1) What kind of image of Poland was created by the authorities of the Soviet Union on the eve of and during the Soviet aggression against Poland on 17 September 1939? 2) Did Soviet society accept this image uncritically, or was it capable of creating its own image of Poland independently? This study is based on an analysis that the Soviet authorities created a false image of Poland as a fascist country which had been defeated by Germany not as a result of its military advantage but as a result of its incorrect policy towards ethnic minorities. The image of Poland was generally accepted by the society of the Soviet Union which was subject to a monopolistic propaganda of the state. Only a small minority of society rejected the image promoted by the authorities \u2013 as untrue and a justification for Moscow\u2019s imperial policy.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> Poland; Soviet propaganda; Soviet society<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Collaboration of National Minorities of the Second Polish Republic with the Soviets in the Areas Occupied by the Red Army in September and October 1939<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Jacek Romanek<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Institute of National Remembrance\nWarsaw, Poland<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents the issue related to the collaboration of national\nminorities during the Soviet Union\u2019s aggression against Poland in 1939. The\nappearances of the Ukrainian and Jewish minorities against the Polish population\nled to a huge amount of crimes. Thousands of representatives of the Polish state\nwere killed by the communist militias. According to Soviet propaganda, destruction\nof the Polish intelligentsia began in the occupied areas. These activities were to\nmake the soviets easier to defeat the Polish state.<br \/>\n<em>Keywords:<\/em> communism; minorities; collaboration; The Second World War; Soviet aggression<\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pedagogy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410\u0414 \u0411\u0410\u041b\u041a\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0446\u044a\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0443\u043b \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0445\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435. \u0412 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0431\u0443\u043b, \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u0441\u044a\u044e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0422\u044f \u043d\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 2003 \u0433. \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":124332423427287,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[3726],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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